What disorder can develop as an after-effect of a severe streptococcal infection?

Rheumatic heart disease is a serious condition that can develop as a complication following a severe streptococcal infection, particularly strep throat or scarlet fever. It occurs as a result of an autoimmune response that happens when the body mistakenly attacks its own heart tissue after the infection. The immune response is triggered by the streptococcal bacteria, leading to inflammation of the heart valves, heart muscles, and surrounding tissues.

This condition is characterized by damage to the heart's connective tissue and can result in long-term complications, such as valve stenosis or regurgitation, ultimately affecting heart function. The association between rheumatic fever—a systemic inflammatory condition that can arise from untreated strep throat—and rheumatic heart disease is well-established. Therefore, the development of rheumatic heart disease is a direct consequence of the complications associated with a severe streptococcal infection.