What do you call the calculi that form within the kidneys?

The term used to refer to calculi that form within the kidneys is "renal calculi." These are solid mineral deposits that can develop in the kidneys from substances in the urine. When the concentration of certain minerals and salts in the urine becomes too high, they can crystallize and form stones, which may vary in size and can cause significant discomfort or pain, particularly if they obstruct urinary flow. The name "renal" specifically denotes their origin within the kidneys, distinguishing them from calculi that can form in other parts of the urinary system, such as the ureters or bladder. Understanding this terminology is crucial in medical contexts, particularly in nephrology and urology, where conditions related to kidney stones are addressed frequently.