What is the term for the process of controlled enlargement of a body organ due to cell proliferation?

The term that describes the controlled enlargement of a body organ due to cell proliferation is hyperplasia. This process involves an increase in the number of cells within a tissue or organ, leading to its enlargement. Hyperplasia is typically a physiological response to a particular stimulus, such as hormonal changes or increased functional demand.

In contrast, regeneration refers to the process by which damaged tissues or organs are repaired or replaced by similar tissue, rather than an increase in organ size. Phlegmon describes a diffuse inflammatory process, and ischemia is a condition resulting from insufficient blood supply to an organ or tissue, which can lead to tissue damage but does not refer to proliferation or enlargement. Thus, hyperplasia specifically captures the essence of controlled cell proliferation leading to organ enlargement.