What medical term refers to the thickening and hardening of the arteries?

Atherosclerosis is the medical term that describes the thickening and hardening of the arteries due to the buildup of plaques, which consist of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. This process leads to the narrowing of the arterial lumen and can significantly restrict blood flow, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes.

The condition is primarily caused by factors such as high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes. Over time, as the plaques grow and become more calcified, they contribute to the rigidity of the arterial walls, making them less elastic and more prone to rupture.

Recognizing atherosclerosis is important in the field of medicine, as it underlines the necessity for preventive measures and treatments aimed at managing risk factors, thus reducing the potential for critical health events related to cardiovascular complications.