Which of the following best describes 'surgical pathology'?

Surgical pathology is best described as the analysis of surgically removed tissues. This area of pathology focuses on identifying and diagnosing diseases through the examination of tissues that have been excised during surgical procedures. Pathologists evaluate the cellular architecture and composition of these specimens to provide crucial information about the presence of disease, particularly cancers, but also other pathological conditions.

In surgical pathology, the examination may involve the use of various techniques such as histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular pathology, which enhance the ability to detect specific disease markers. The results from surgical pathology significantly influence treatment decisions and patient prognosis.

The other options, while related to pathology, do not encapsulate the full scope of surgical pathology as accurately. For instance, cancer diagnosis is an integral part of surgical pathology but does not cover the broader context of analyzing other tissue types that may be surgically removed. The study of living organs and assessment of bodily fluids are distinct areas that relate more to other branches of pathology, such as clinical pathology or histopathology, rather than solely focusing on the interpretation of surgically excised specimens.