Which of the following conditions is characterized by an excess of sugar in the blood and urine?

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by an excess of sugar in the blood and urine due to the body's inability to produce enough insulin or to effectively use the insulin it does produce. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, and when it is insufficient or ineffective, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream. This excess glucose can spill over into the urine, leading to glucosuria, which is a hallmark of diabetes.

In the context of diabetes, high blood sugar levels can lead to various symptoms, including increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. The body's attempts to remove excess glucose can result in dehydration and further complications if not managed properly. Monitoring blood sugar levels and maintaining them within a target range is crucial for individuals with this condition to prevent long-term health issues.

Other conditions listed in the options do not directly relate to an accumulation of sugar in the blood and urine in the same manner. Hyperthyroidism relates to an overactive thyroid, affecting metabolism but not specifically causing high blood sugar and urine sugar levels. Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, which is the opposite condition. Celiac Disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten that affects the digestive system, but it does not involve the regulation of blood glucose levels in this